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00116_Field_frep45.txt
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1996-12-30
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This cross section through the
occipital lobe was made by
cutting out a piece as shown in
the previous photograph. It is
what we would see if we were to
walk into the groove and look to
the left. The letter a
corresponds to a point halfway
between X and the arrowhead.
The Nissl stain shows cell
bodies only; these are too small
to make out except as dots. The
darker part of the top and the
mushroom-shaped part just
below are striate cortex. The
three letter ds mark the border
between areas 17 and 18.
To see what the cortex looks
like in cross section, we have
cut a chunk from the visual
cortex on the right side of the
previous photograph. The
resulting cross section, as in
the photomicrograph to the
left, is stained with cresyl
violet, a dye that colors the cell
bodies dark blue but does not
stain axons or dendrites. With
the photomicrograph taken at
this low power, we cannot
distinguish individual cells,
but we can see dark layers of
densely aggregated cells and
lighter layers of more thinly
scattered ones. Beneath the
exposed part of the cortex, we
see a mushroom-shaped, buried
part that is folded under in a
complicated way, but these two
parts are actually continuous.
The lightly stained substance is
white matter; it lies under the
part of the cortex that is
exposed to the surface,
separating it from the buried
fold of cortex, and consists
mainly of myelinated nerve
fibers, which do not stain. The
cortex, containing nerve-cell
bodies, axons, dendrites, and
synapses, is an example of gray
matter.
For anatomical richness, in
its complexity of layering, area
17 exceeds every other part of
the cortex. You can see an
indication of this complexity
even in this low-magnification
cross section when you
compare area 17 with its next-
door neighbor, area 18,
bordering area 17 at d. What is
more, as we look along the cross
section from the region marked
a, which is a few degrees from
the foveal projection to the
cortex, toward the region
marked b, 6 degrees out, or
toward c, 80 to 90 degrees out,
we see very little change in the
thickness or the layering
pattern. This uniformity turns
out to be important, and I will
return to it in Chapter 6.